TV

 Wednesday 15th November 2023 

Lo: to research the history, companies and regulators in the television industry

publicly owned TV channel- funded by the government and license fees for the public service 

commercial Tv channel- funded through advertisements 

convergence- joining things together into one device e.g mobile phone 

watershed- the period of time in which tv programs will broadcast content for more of a mature adult audience between 9pm and 5:30am to protect the children

segmented market- an audience divided into different groups depending on their preferences 

mainstream- content which is the most popular 

self-regulating- not regulated by outside bodies e.g the internet

franchise- license from the company of a product to use format/show/ideas 

channel surfing- the frequent change from one television channel to another 

PSB-public service broadcasting 

TV license- a legal permission to use the tv programmes 

scheduling- deciding which shows to show at a certain time 

conglomerate-  a company that owns several smaller businesses 

TV was introduced in the Uk in 1936 

In 1965 there was 3 channels which were CBS, NBC and ABC 

ITV started in 1955 contained the first ever advert as it was a commercial Tv 

Uk channels that have to follow the PSB remit are BBC one and two, channel 3,4 and 5 

Ofcom regulates Uk TV now

Wednesday 22nd November 

Lo: to explore the ownership and regulation of BBC1and ITV 

Television industries: ownership and regulation 

ofcom regulates Tv and radio broadcasting in the Uk they have standards that broadcasters have to follow, and can fine them if its not met. 

PSB: 

broadcasting that is intended to benefit the public 

The BBC is the main PSB channel that has a strict remit that needs to be followed 

The BBC aimes to inform, educate and entertain since 1922 

BBC's mission is to act in the publics interest, serving all audiences through the provision of impartial, high quality and distinctive output and services which inform, educate and entertain.

-to provide impartial news and information to help people understand and engage with the world around them 

- to support leaning of all ages 

- to show the most creative, highest quality and distinctive output and services 

-to reflect, represent and serve the diverse communities of all of the UK's nations and regions to support the creative economy across the UK

-to reflect the UK, its culture and cultures of the world 

ITV:

There are 5 TV channels- itv1, itv2, itv3, itv4, itvBe

Their purpose is to entertain and connect with millions of people in the UK and globally, reflecting and shaping culture and building brands with brilliant content and creativity. This is aligned to their 2026 strategic vision, to be leader in the UK advertiser-funded streaming and an expanding global force in content. 

funding- advertising, sponsorships, online services, reality TV shows 

Wednesday 13th December 2023

Lo:to explore how audience consume TV dramas and the appeals 

reasons why we watch live TV:

-second screening

-audience interactivity 

the watershed is between 9pm and 5:30 am -which shows content that is not suitable for children up to the age of 15.

Tv drama

crime drama- strike

period drama- peaky blinders 

teen drama- 13 reasons why 

medical drama- er 

 

Wednesday 10th January 2024 

Lo: research the social, historical and political context of The Avengers 

5 key moments from 1961-1965

1961-vietnam war starts 

cold war 

John F Kennedy was assassinated 

space race 

internet was invented 

the contraceptive pill was approved 

The most famous brands were rock bands like the Beatles 

the prime minister in political party that was in power in 1965 was Harold Wilson 

illegal drugs were part of a culture by them having events called the psychedelic dream 

the Cold war and the Vietnam war was fought in the 60s 

In the 1960s, people were protesting about anti vietnam war, women's liberation and the civil rights movement Life would have been different in the 1960s for women, men and different races compared to now in the Uk because technology has advanced so it has changed the way we communicate, live and work. Women was discriminated and given low pay compared to men as it was still a male dominated (patriarchy) society. Racial inequality. 

Cold war- united states and the soviet union 

nuclear war- post world war two both sides with nuclear weapons 

espionage - spying. Both sides in the cold war used this technique as a way of finding out what the other side was doing as well as a way to plant false information. 

Wednesday 17th January 2024

Lo: research the TV show the avengers 

The avengers (1965)

1) ITV and ABC

2) the primary audience was aimed at a mainstream adult audience, the secondary was teenagers 

3)7th January 1961 was when the first episode was released 

4) there were 6 seasons 

5) 21st april 1969

6) budget for series for was £56,000

colour tv didn't come around till 1963 

female protagonist was called Emma Peel as they wanted her to 'appeal to the male audience' 

The fourth series was different due to the $2 million deal this meant the editing had advanced and they could film in greater realistic locations. So they could shoot on film instead of a video cassette -which meant they could move the camera.  More sophisticated soundtrack could be used to make it seem more real.

main characters:

John Steed 

Emma Peel 

The Avengers was scheduled at 9:05- peak time to attract a mass audience 

The 4th series attracted audiences of around 7 million and was often in the top ten ratings 

BBC1 was their main rival 

Wednesday 24th January 2024 

Lo: to explore the narrative, characters and appeal of series 4, episode 1

The avengers: The town of no return 

Characters:

John steed 

Mrs Emma Peel

Piggy Warren 

Mrs Manson 

Tom Smallwood

Mr Brandon 

cross cutting to increase tension 

Wednesday 31st January 2024 

Do Now:

The narrative- is about two detectives that travel to a different town due to detectives going missing, but pretend to not know each other. They stay at a pub hotel to investigate what has happened. The town was seen to be deserted and only imposters that were named after people who lived in the town. Emma peel is then captured and rescued by John and she explained that the army were going to invade one town at a time. 

Characters- John Steed, Mrs Emma Peel, piggy warren, Tom Smallwood, Mr Brandon 

personal identity- the audience can relate to some of the characters by including a male and female character. Women (younger generation) can relate to Emma Peel as she is a strong intelligent character with a sense of fashion. Men (older generation) can relate to John steed as he is well manured and capable -which creates inspiration. Emphasise upper-class role models 

information-  women can be seen as independent and cable of doing stuff men can do, information of. the world of espionage

entertainment- fight scenes were seen as exciting, escaping plots, humour and sophistication, it is a repetitive narrative, but with a different villain to create firmilularity  

social interaction- back in those days, people liked discussing episodes with friends and co-workers  the next day or with their family when they are watching it to build a personal friendship 

Context: The avengers- the town of no return 

Lo: to analyse the influence of the social and historical contexts in series 4, episode 1

main concerns during the 1960s:

Cold war- 

Threat of nuclear war- 

threat of foreign evasion- secretly invading the country one town at a time 

espionage-  John Steed and Emma Peel are seen as detectives that are under cover to find out the truth 

Wednesday 7 February 2024 

Lo:to analyse representation and influence of social and cultural context in series 4 episode 1

stereotypical of an English seaside town:

characters- wearing suit, high fashion

setting- town by a beach, an old-fashioned pub (contained dark wooden beams) to stereotype a typical British pub 

character interaction- friendly to convey a setting of warmth to juxtapose their hostile attitude 

A new breed of tough, intelligent women can be seen in this episode through Emma Peel who is seen as strong and smart that can fight men with confidence. 

women can be seen as sex objects in this seen through Emma Peel when she wears latex outfits that hug her body to attract a male audience.

ideological tension about gender roles in 1965 was unfair as men were seen more dominant due to beliefs 

Emma Peel

anti-stereotype- she overpowers John in fencing at the start. 

stereotype- she is ordered to leave for a mission without warning to show how women are controlled and ordered what to do. 

The producers chose to call Emma Peel Mrs because she would be more respected when travelling with a man as nearly everyone was married by the age of 30, this meant women were looked down on if they weren't married. Therefore, the attitude towards sexuality in the 1960s was very prejudice and unfair towards women. 

In the 1960s, full employment had improved and working class could afford much more. 

John steed and Emma Peel are both seen as upper middle class characters due to them being well manured and dressed. 

Emma peel represents a more exciting youth culture due to her targeting a younger audience (male) because of what she wears and acts. Whereas, John steed represents the traditional past because of his maturity and manners. 

John steed and Emma Peel represent both younger and traditional generation in a positive way to attract a wider range of an audience. This was done when Peel were's clothes that are in fashion to make the younger generation feel like they can relate to her more and be inspired by her. This is seen when she wears black leather catsuit and mini skirt, but is also seen to be respectful and polite. Whereas, steed is more of a traditional character who is well manured and dressed smartly to make the older generation feel like they can relate more as it is closer to their lifestyle as he carries an umbrella and wears a expensive 3 piece- suit to highlight his status of wealth (as he fought in WW2) , but is also polite and respectful like Peel to represent both generations as positive. 

In 1960, there was a growing support for the civil rights movement, but racial and ethnic inequalities in society stayed the same. 

How was media language used to show the attitudes and values of the 1960s?

Camerawork- close ups to catch the characters facial expressions and features 

Mise-en-scene- men wearing suits to show wealth

editing- 

sound- 

Wednesday 21st February 2024

Lo: to explore elements of media language and practice how to analyse an extract 

question 1 (5 marks)

media language:

camerawork

mise-en-scene

editing

sound 

Camerawork:

shot types- close up, extreme close up, mid shot, medium long, long shot, establishing shot 

angles- birds eye, low, high, canted, aerial shots, point of view shots 

camera movement- tracking, steadicam, cane shots, hand held 

shallow focus and focus pulls 

Mise-en-scene:

High key or low key lighting- bright/ dull

location/set

costume, hair and makeup

props

casting and performance style 

blocking (the composition of characters) 

Wednesday 25th February 2024 

Lo: to explore elements of media language and practice how to analyse an extract 

Editing:

Juxtaposition/ graphic match (one scene leads into another that looks similar)

montages 

crosscutting- two different perspectives to increase tension 

speed of editing 

transitions: dissolve (represent the passing of time), wipe, fade 

post-production effects: CGI, green screening 

cutting on action (fight scenes) 

cut away (cuts away from the main action to show something else)

They have used graphic match of fire from the characters moustache to the blacksmiths to smoothly lead into the next scene scene with the same sort of action so that we can predict something is going to progress in this scene from the last scene. 

the speed of editing increases during the fight scene to create tension, but to also emphasise the actions to be powerful. Whilst it has long cuts to build up tension, then cuts get much quicker to show the action and intensity of the fight (cutting on action)

Sound:

music

diegetic/ non-diegetic sounds 

sound effects 

sound bridge (link two scenes)

voiceover

parallel sound (what you hear matches what you see)

contrapuntal sound (what you hear doest match what you see)

diegetic sound of choir singing on a record -which is quite till Emma Peel opens the door-  to make us believe that there is an actual choir singing in the church. It went quieter when they wanted us to focus more on the dialogue.  

contrapuntal sound of dogs barking when Emma Peel looks at the photo of the school to symbolise danger. 

Wednesday 6th March 2024 

Lo: to explore extract based questions and how to answer them effectively 

Do Now:

-4 areas of media language that could be asked in Q1= mise-en-scene, camerawork, editing, sound 

-2 examples are needed for Q1

- Q1 is worth 5 marks 

Q1. How was camerawork used to create meaning?  (5 marks) 

They used a variety of different camera shots within the scene, for example when Mrs Peel is teaching John Steed in the classroom. The long shot/ establishing shot creates connotations of how woman where seen back in the 1960s, but also juxtaposes the stereotypes of woman being in control as men where seen to have more power over woman. The camera shot, gives a wide view of the classroom to portray woman as teachers. 

Within the fight scene between the blacksmith and John Steed, they use more close ups to include their facial expressions more , to create more tension. 

Q2. analyse how far the extract creates tension  (10 marks)

They have created tension by the music used as the volume and tempo increased when the fight scene became more realistic and serious this is to match the dangerous actions and make the audience feel more scared about the fight scene. The music goes from being quite and slow to loud and quick to highlight the danger within the scene to creates a lot of tension to the fight and make the audience feel like they are on the edge of their seat. As the music is lowered when they want the audience to pay attention to the dialogue not the actions. 

Q3. How far does the extract create a stereotypical representation of men? (15 marks)

Language (media)

Institutions 

Audience 

Representations 

intro stereotypes and anti stereotypes 

description of different scenes (3)

conclusion (traditional stereotypes/ anti stereotypes to reflect change)  

Wednesday 20th March 2024 

Television in the 2010s 

Lo: to explore the context of the 2010s and the effect on the TV shows and audiences 

Cuffs was released in 2015 

equality act in 2010 meant any discrimination was illegal 

Key events:

Afganistan war, Syrian war, isis, terror attacks in the UK, Korean nuclear capability 

blackberry riots, Brexit, trump election, hacking, UKIP influence, finacial crash in 2008, asylum seekers/ refugees

Cultural context:

youth culture- social media, i-phone, drug culture, knife crime

Human rights:

black lives matter

refugees and tolerance 

Cuffs

- a series on BBC1

-genre of 'police procedural' 

- aired in October 2015 

-broadcasted 8pm on a Wednesday (pre watershed)

- targeted a large family audience 

-offered a range of characters and storylines to appeal to different segments 

 

Cuffs series one episode one:

-set in Brighton 

-open society within sexuality and race

Wednesday 27th March 2024 

PC Ryan Draper- experienced 

PC Jake Vickers- overwhelmed 

PC Lino- comedic 

Felix- broffle 

structure

minor narratives of crimes that complete through the episode to link the characters 

Wednesday 17th April 2024 

Changes in society in 2015 from the 1960s:

Avengers is presented in black and white where as Cuffs is in colour to elucidate the audio, editing and technology advancement 

Cuffs shows a multi cultural society of non white ethnicity 

Cuffs shows people being more accepting to sexuality 

Cuffs shows more gender equality whereas avengers sexualises Emma Peel

Cuffs and audience appeal 

Lo: to analyse the appeals of TV drama 

Hero- police/ Ryan Draper or Jake Vickers 

Villian- criminals/ Chief Robert Vickers 

Donor- Ds Jo Moffat

Helper-  Lino and Donna 

Princess- arresting the criminal 

Princess' father- station officer 

dispatcher-  Ds Jo Moffat

false hero- Chief super Robert Vickers 

Audience appeal: Uses and gratifications:

Personal identity- multi cultural society ( ensemble class) many characters with different identities 

Information- learn how the police force work and what they go through to protect the modern society from a criminal world

Entertainment- resolved narrative, creates tension in action scenes like car chasing, comedy scenes, gradually finding out the characters background story. Escape into a fictional world 

Social interaction- enjoy talking to friends, family and co workers, use of social media to comment on the programme 

Cuffs and social contexts 

Lo: to analyse representations and influence of social and cultural context in Cuffs 

Brighton seaside town is represented as poor due to the crimes committed

Stronger roles for women reflect gender equality- Dc Jo Moffat (high ranking officer)

A change in attitude towards masculinity. Different male roles presented in a positive light- Felix (quite character), Ryan Draper has a open sexuality 

Traditional 'masculine' and 'feminine' qualities no longer reserved for particular genders- Ryan Draper (caring for his family)

Wednesday 24th April 2024 

Do Now:

the police are represented as heroic / incompetent 

Pc Donna Prager - presented as strong and independent, determined and athletic compared to Lino who is less healthy as in the scenes, Lino is struggling to keep up when chasing after criminals he is also seen as less competent. Challenges the stereotypes so that both genders are equal. 

Pc Jake Vickers- is presented as someone who keen to learn and impress the force, has an open personality/ sexuality. unexperienced like the time they were. chasing. a car and didnt know how to communicate where he was this shows society in 2015 that the force didn't have a enough funds to train officers and there is more of a tolerance to sexuality.  

DI Felix Kane- quite personality as he is presented to be alone all the time/ doesn't socialise 

Jake Vickers:

masculinity- open with sexuality

anti-stereotypiical 

Lino Moretti:

masculinity- comedic, doesn't take life seriously 

stereotypical 

Felix Kane:

masculinity- quite, anti-social 

anti-stereotypical

positive view of multiculturalism reflects 2015 attitudes:

Differences in ethnicity are accepted as there is characters that challenge this through the characters in the cast and police force.

racism still exists in Britain as there is a scene of a racists stabbing a innocent black man in a local shop.

Racist groups are presented very negatively as they are portrayed to doing violent actions towards the public, stereotypes of hooliganism to disrespect the public.  

The powerful anti-racist message reflects society's attitude in 2015 to be more positive compared to 1960's as it is more negotiable 

Wednesday 8th May 2024

synergy- two products that are released at the same time to help sell each to increase profit (work together)

horizontal or vertical integration-  vertical= dont have to share profits with distribution companies due to owning their own companies  horizontal= have their own production companies in different industries so they make their own merchandise

convergence-  

tent pole production- when a film supports financial performance for another small riskier film 

simultaneous releases- release a film at the same time on different platforms 

cross-media marketing- different advertisement techniques so across different platforms 

film regulation- the rating